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时间:2011-05-20 11:30:00   来源:无忧考网     [字体: ]
一、名词:名词是所有事物的名称,包括人、物及抽象概念。名词分为普通名词和专有名词两大类。名词在句子中作主语,宾语或表语等。

1.普通名词 普通名词是某类人、事件、物体和抽象概念的名称。根据所指代物体的特征,普通名词又可分为以下四类:

A.个体名词: 表示人或物体中可以数清的单个体。如:student(学生)、pen(钢笔)、bird(鸟)等。

B.集体名词: (即集合名词)表示由个体组成的集合体。如:people(人民)、police(警察)、family(家庭)等

C.物质名词: 表示构成物体物质的不可数名词,或表示无法分为个体的物质的名词。如:water(水)、air(空气)、wood(木头)等。

D.抽象名词 : 表示动作、状态、品质、情感等非具体化的抽象概念。如:work(工作)、peace(和平)、love(爱)等。

2. 专有名词 : 专有名词是某些人、事物、机构、组织等特有的名称。主要包括:人名、地名、国名、党派名称等。如:Churchill(丘吉尔)、Tokyo(东京)、China(中国)等。

二、可数名词和不可数名词。

1) 可数名词: 一般来说个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算,称为可数名词。可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。

例如: a book, two books, a student, three students, a family, many families。

名词单数变复数变化如下:

1.词尾直接加 S 如:cat--cats bag--bags day--days

2.以 S, SH, CH, X 结尾的词加 ES 如:class--classes match--matches box----- boxes dish ---- dishes

3.以辅音加 Y 结尾的词变 Y 为 I, 加 ES. 元音加 Y 结尾的词直接加 S,

如: party----parties city----cities story----stories

boy---- toys monkey----- monkeys key---- keys 等.

4.以 F 或 FE 结尾的词, 变 F 或 FE 为 V, 加 ES,

如: wife ---- wives half---- halves 注意特殊情况直接加“S”,要逐个记 chiefs,handkerchiefs, roofs.

5.以辅音加 O 结尾的词常加 ES, 如: tomatoes, potatoes, heroes. 元音加 O 结尾直接加 S. 如:radios, zoos, pianos.特殊情况: photos

6.名词单数变复数特殊变化也要逐个记得如: man-men, woman-women, tooth---teeth, goose---geese, foot---feet, child--children, mouse-mice

2) 不可数名词

不可数名词不能用数字计算包括物质名词( air, water等)及抽象名词(advice, hate)等。所以它通常只有单数形式。如:English, air, water, cotton, work...

不可数名词表示数量时,可以用量词来表达(量词有复数形式)其结构是数词+量词+OF+名词。如:a bottle of water,two cups of tea,three pieces of paper

注意事项:

1.不可数名词没有复数变化,不能用A,AN,但可用THE,或不用冠词,如:bread is the usual breakfast.

2.虽然不可数名词没有复数变化,但量词超过一时要加复数。

如:three cups of coffee, five bottles of water

3.有量词修饰时注意名词是否可数,不可数时用单数,可数时用复数,如:ten bags of rice---- ten baskets of eggs

跟踪练习

I.找出下列笑话中的可数名词,并写出其复数形式:

In the market, a buyer asked a seller “How much is this cat, please?” “100 dollars.” “But you only asked for 20 dollars yesterday!” “Yes, that‘s true. But this cat ate a bird last night and the bird was worth 80 dollars!”

II.找出不可数名词,在横线上打勾,并将可数名词变成复数形式:

homework ______half ______advice______money ______

knowledge ______boot _____blood ______music ______

chicken ________heat _____mouth ______bread _______

information ______milk _____cow _______tear ________

III.选择填空:

1.The deer has four ______.

A. foot B. feet C. feets D. foots

2.Her two brothers are both ______.

A. policeman B. policemans C. policemen D. policemens

3.There are four _____ and two ______ in the group.

A. Japanese, Germen B. Japaneses, Germen C. Japanese, Germans

4.Two ______ would come to the village.

A. woman-doctors B. women doctor C. women doctors D. woman doctors

5.Can you see nine _____ in the picture?

A. sheep B. dog C. pig D. horse

6.The _____ has two ______.

A. boys, watches B. boy, watch C. boy, watches D. boys, watch

7.The boy often brushes his _____ before he goes to bed.

A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teeths

8.The Japanese ____ will not leave China until she finishes her study.

A. woman B. women C. man D. men

9.There are lots of _____ in the basket on the table.

A. tomatos B. tomato C. tomatoes D. tomatoss

10. The cat caught two ______ last night.

A. mouses B. mice C. mouse D. mices

参考答案:KEYS:B C C C A C C A C B