89"Leaders are created primarily by the demands that are placed upon them."
GRE写作精讲之提纲解析：
89 leader是内外条件共同作用的结果
1、外部需要使人成为 leader
As to the realm of politics, the case of the New Deal of Franklin D Roosevelt serves as a typical
example to illustrate this point. When the great economic crisis broke out from 1929 to 1933, the
whole United State ran into a rough weather, and the president Roosevelt tried to put the Nation out
of the Great Depression. The core of the New Deal is “Reform, Recovery, Relief” policy, actually it
did work on changing the tough situation of United State at that time, and it aroused the confidences
of the whole society to promote the development of the country.
2、外部需要激发人的动力与能力成为 leader
Nelson Mandela, the South African black political leader and former president, who contributed
lifelong dedication to the fight against racial oppression in South Africa, said in his autobiography: ’
The chains on any one of my people were the chains on all of them, the chains on all of my people were
the chains on me.‘ With such a compelling and inspiring political responsibility, Mandela placed the
liberation of both the oppressed and the oppressor as the first and greatest mission since the release
in 1990 from more than a quarter –century imprisonment. And the intensive sense of responsibility
guided him to become a vital force in the fight for human rights and racial equality. 107
3、成为Leader不仅仅是外部需要的结果
Knowledge is the primary pave stone of the way to a leader. G. Washington, by his outstanding
military aptitude, won his people the independence of America. It is not denied that the special
historical situation did him a favor to achieve success; nonetheless, it is his knowledge and wise
military strategies that play the vital role.
Lincoln, as one of the greatest president in the American history, without his preeminent glamour,
could not be so respectful and famous. In his inaugural speech, he launched his elegant words (they
got him close to the electoral people and expressed his amicable characteristic) that what he can
depend on are only his citizens. It is true that the demands placed upon him play a catalytic role in his
being a leader. However, without his stunning characteristic, he cannot realize the success in the
political career.
89T 个体和整体 问题解答 "Leaders are created primarily by the demands that are placed upon them."
89. 领导人物的出现主要是由人民对他们的要求决定的。
①时势造英雄。如：彼得大帝(Czar Peter)，被认为是俄国杰出(preeminent)的沙皇(czar)。当时俄国
十分落后：农奴(serf)增加，合法权利减少;俄国错过文艺复兴(Renaissance)和宗教改革(Reformation)
的好时期;科学停滞不前。而西欧一片繁荣。于是进行了西方化改革：发展科学，改革社会风俗，使得俄国成为
列强之一。不怕雷同就写 Roosevelt
②个人能力：knowledge- vision; courage; leadership;如：马克思(Karl Marx),自学历史和哲学，具有独到
的眼光;被当时政府驱逐(was banished),贫穷使得自身健康受损，孩子因饥饿去世，也不放弃写作;作为国际
工人协会(The international workers association)的领导人，领导了很多次工人运动。
③机遇：如：梵高(Gogh, Vincent van),the sunflower, starry night. 死后才被追认为印象派(impressionism)
大师。
